India Power & Hydro Sector – Key Insights
🇮🇳 Power Industry Overview:
3rd largest producer & consumer of electricity globally.
Non-fossil fuel capacity (June 2025): 237.7 GW → 49% of total capacity.
Govt schemes: DDUGJY, UDAY, IPDS.
Target: 500 GW non-fossil by 2030 (more than double current).
2019–25: Energy sector = 24% of ₹111 lakh crore capex (~$1.4T).
2025–26 Budget: ₹86,138 crore via 9 power PSUs (+21% YoY).
More focus on green hydrogen, solar & energy corridors.
Power Generation Growth:
FY15: 1,110 BU → FY25 (till June): 1,824 BU ✅ steady YoY rise
💧 Hydropower Overview:
Installed capacity (June 2025): 54.48 GW – 5th largest globally, ahead of Japan.
Potential: 145,000 MW (60% LF = 85,000 MW demand coverage).
Large hydro: 35.9 GW (2008) → 49.37 GW (2025).
Small hydro: ~5.1 GW.
Projects Status:
13.5 GW under construction.
18 GW under survey.
21 GW cleared by CEA.
Key Developments:
Big focus on Jammu & Kashmir projects.
Arunachal Pradesh – “Hydropower Capital of India” (2025).
2025–35 → Declared Decade of Hydropower.
📊 Installed Capacity Mix:
Coal – 47%
Renewable (ex-hydro) – 33%
Hydro – 11%
Others – 7%
Nuclear – 2%
Why Hydro is Crucial:
Low operating cost & minimal consumables.
Cheaper than coal/gas plants.
Less risk from fuel price volatility.
Quick to start/stop – perfect for peak loads.
Future Outlook:
Potential to hit ~107 GW hydropower by 2035.
Small hydro can add 10–12 GW more.
Pumped storage hydro to rise for solar/wind balancing.
Export potential to Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan.
Hydro to contribute ~20% of renewable share in India’s 2030 green energy goal
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